Zomangamanga zachitsulo zimagwirizanitsa kalembedwe ndi kukongola kwa zomangamanga zakale ndi zamakono. Nyumba zambiri zazikulu padziko lonse lapansi zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamapangidwe azitsulo pamlingo waukulu. Kodi nyumba zomanga zitsulo zodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi ndi ziti? Pa Tsiku la Valentine, chonde tsatirani mapazi athu kuti muyamikire kalembedwe kachikondi kanyumba khumi apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
No.1 Beijing Bird's Nest
The Bird's Nest ndiye bwalo lalikulu la Masewera a Olimpiki a Beijing a 2008. Mapangidwe akuluakulu a bwaloli, omwe adamalizidwa ndi Herzog, De Mellon ndi wojambula waku China Li Xinggang, yemwe adapambana Mphotho ya Pulitzer mu 2001, amapangidwa ngati "chisa" chomwe chimabala moyo. Chili ngati khanda, limene limasonyeza ziyembekezo za anthu za m’tsogolo. Okonzawo sanachite chilichonse chosayenera ku bwalo lamasewera, koma momveka bwino adawonetsera nyumbayo kunja, motero mwachibadwa amapanga maonekedwe a nyumbayo. Mu July 2007, nyuzipepala ya Times of England inalembapo ntchito yomanga 10 yaikulu komanso yofunika kwambiri imene ikumangidwa padziko lonse. Panthawi imeneyo, "Nest Bird's Nest" inali yoyamba. Magazini yaposachedwa ya Time magazine yomwe idasindikizidwa pa Disembala 24 chaka chomwecho idasankha zodabwitsa khumi zapamwamba zapadziko lonse lapansi mu 2007, ndipo Nest ya Mbalame inali yoyenera pamndandandawo.
Chitsulo chabwino kwambiri ndi Nest ya Mbalame. Zigawo za dongosololi zimathandizirana wina ndi mzake, kupanga ndondomeko yofanana ndi maukonde. Kuwoneka kwa kukwera ndi kutsika kumachepetsa mphamvu ya kuchuluka kwa nyumbayo, ndikuipangitsa kukhala yodabwitsa komanso yodabwitsa. Nyumba yayikulu ndi ellipse ya space, ndipo ndi projekiti imodzi yokha yachitsulo yokhala ndi nthawi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pano.
TianjinYuantai DerunZitsulo Pipe Kupanga Gulu ndi lalikulu structural zitsulo kupanga chitoliro ku China. Yapereka zambirimapaipi achitsulo square, mapaipi achitsulo amakona anayindizozungulira zitsulo mapaipi for the construction of stadiums such as the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube. Dear designers and engineers, if you are also working on a steel structure project, please consult and leave us a message. E-mail: sales@ytdrgg.com
No. 2 Sydney Grand Theatre
Ili kumpoto kwa Sydney, Sydney Opera House ndi nyumba yochititsa chidwi ku Sydney, yopangidwa ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga wa ku Denmark Jon Usson. Pansi pa denga looneka ngati chipolopolo pali madzi osakanikirana ndi bwalo lamasewera ndi holo. Zomangamanga zamkati za nyumba ya opera zimatengera chikhalidwe cha Amaya ndi kachisi wa Aztec. Ntchito yomanga nyumbayi inayamba mu March 1959 ndipo inamalizidwa mwalamulo ndipo inaperekedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa October 20, 1973, ndipo inatenga zaka 14. Sydney Opera House ndi nyumba yodziwika bwino ku Australia komanso imodzi mwanyumba zodziwika bwino kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 20. Mu 2007, adavoteledwa ngati World Cultural Heritage ndi UNESCO.
Nyumba ya Opera ya Sydney imagwiritsa ntchito khoma la konkire losinthika lokhazikika komanso mawonekedwe osinthika amitundu yambiri kuti athandizire padenga, kuti athe kunyamula katundu popanda kuwononga kupindika kwa kapangidwe koyambirira.
No.3 World Trade Center
Bungwe la World Trade Center (1973-September 11, 2001), lomwe lili kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa chilumba cha Manhattan ku New York, lili m’malire a Mtsinje wa Hudson kumadzulo, ndipo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ku New York. World Trade Center ili ndi nyumba zosanja zazikulu ziwiri, nyumba zinayi zamaofesi za nsanjika 7 ndi hotelo imodzi ya nsanjika 22. Inamangidwa kuyambira 1962 mpaka 1976. Mwini wake ndi Port Authority ku New York ndi New Jersey. The World Trade Center kale anali amapasa awiri aatali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chizindikiro cha New York City, ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zazitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pa September 11, 2001, pa chochitika cha pa September 11 chimene chinadabwitsa dziko lonse, nyumba ziwiri zazikulu za World Trade Center zinagwa imodzi ndi ina pa zigawengazo, ndipo anthu 2753 anafa. Iyi inali ngozi yoopsa kwambiri ya zigawenga m’mbiri yonse.
Mapasa awiri a World Trade Center adapangidwa ndi njira yopangira manja yachitsulo, yomwe imalumikiza mawonekedwe akunja othandizira ndi gawo lapakati pakatikati kudzera pamiyala yopingasa. Kamangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti nyumbayi ikhale yokhazikika modabwitsa. Kuphatikiza pa kunyamula kulemera kwa nyumbayo, mizati yakunja yachitsulo iyeneranso kupirira mphamvu ya mphepo yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa nsanjayo. Ndiko kunena kuti, chothandizira chamkati chimangofunika kunyamula katundu wake wowongoka.
No. 4 London Millennium Dome
Nyumba ya Millennium Dome imanenedwa kuti ndi nyumba yopunduka m'mbuyomu, komanso ndi nyumba yoyimira ku London. Forbes, magazini yotchuka ya zachuma, inachita kafukufuku wokhudza anthu omanga nyumba, ndipo inapeza kuti Millennium Dome, yomwe inamangidwa ku Britain pamtengo wa mapaundi 750 miliyoni kukondwerera Zakachikwi, inasankhidwa kukhala "chinthu chonyansa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi." ". Millennium Dome ndi nyumba yowonetsera zasayansi, yomwe ili pa Greenwich Peninsula pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Thames, yomwe ili pamtunda wa maekala 300 ndipo imawononga mapaundi 80 miliyoni (madola 1.25 biliyoni). Ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zachikumbutso zomwe Britain adamanga kukondwerera Zakachikwi chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 ndi 21st century.
No.5 Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers
Nyumba za Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers zinali zazitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, koma zikadali nsanja zazitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso nyumba yachisanu pa dziko lonse lapansi. Ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Kuala Lumpur. Mapasa awiri a nsanja ku Kuala Lumpur ndi 452 metres kutalika ndipo ali ndi 88 pansi pamwamba pa nthaka. Pamwamba pa nyumba yopangidwa ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga wa ku America Cesar Pelli amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri monga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi galasi. Ma Twin Towers ndi nsanja yoyandikana nayo ya Kuala Lumpur ndi zodziwika bwino komanso zizindikilo za Kuala Lumpur. Makina olimba a konkriti (core chubu) outrigger system system yotengedwa ndi nsanja zamapasa ndi mawonekedwe osakanizidwa omwe amapangidwa ndi konkriti yolimba, yogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo matani 7500. Chothandizira chozungulira chimango chozungulira pafupi ndi dongosolo lililonse lalikulu chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi thupi lalikulu, lomwe lingathe kuwonjezera kukana kwapakatikati kwa dongosolo lalikulu.
Na. 6 Sears Tower, Chicago
Sears Building, yomwe imatanthauzidwanso kuti Welley Group Building, ndi nyumba yosanja yomwe ili ku Chicago, Illinois, USA. Inali nyumba yayitali kwambiri ku North America. Pa November 12, 2013, inathyoledwa ndi World Trade Center Building 1. Itatha, inkatchedwa Sears Tower. Mu 2009, kampani ya inshuwaransi ya ku London, Wellay Group, inavomereza kubwereka gawo lalikulu la nyumbayo ngati nyumba ya maofesi, ndipo inalandira ufulu wotcha dzina la nyumbayo monga gawo la mgwirizano. Nthawi ya 10:00 pa July 16, 2009, dzina lovomerezeka la nyumbayi linasinthidwa kukhala Wellay Group Building. Sears Tower, yokhala ndi nsanjika 110, inali nyumba ya maofesi apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pafupifupi anthu 16500 amabwera kudzagwira ntchito kuno tsiku lililonse. Pansanja ya 103, pali malo owonera alendo kuti ayang'ane mzindawu. Ili pamtunda wa mamita 412 kuchokera pansi ndipo imatha kuona zigawo zinayi za United States pamene nyengo ili bwino.
Nyumbayi imagwiritsa ntchito machubu amachubu opangidwa ndi mafelemu achitsulo. Nyumba yonseyo imawonedwa ngati mawonekedwe a cantilever beam-tube space. Kutali kwambiri ndi nthaka, mphamvu yometa ubweya imakhala yaying'ono. Kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa mphepo pamwamba pa nyumbayi kumachepetsedwanso kwambiri. Izi zimakulitsa kwambiri kulimba komanso kukana kwamphamvu kwa nyumbayo.
No. 7 Tokyo TV Tower
Tokyo TV Tower inamalizidwa mu December 1958. Inatsegulidwa kwa alendo odzaona malo mu July 1968. Nsanjayi ndi yotalika mamita 333 ndipo ili ndi malo a 2118 square metres. Pa September 27, 1998, nsanja ya TV yayitali kwambiri padziko lonse idzamangidwa ku Tokyo. Nsanja yayitali kwambiri yodziyimira payokha ku Japan ndi yotalika mamita 13 kuposa nsanja ya Eiffel ku Paris, France. Zida zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi theka la nsanja ya Eiffel. Nthawi yomanga nsanjayo ndi yocheperapo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nthawi yomanga nsanja ya Eiffel, yomwe idadabwitsa dziko lonse panthawiyo. Ndiko konkire yokhazikika yokhala ndi ubwino wokhazikika, kukhazikika, kukana moto wabwino, kupulumutsa zitsulo ndi mtengo wotsika poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zoyera.
No.8 San Francisco Golden Gate Bridge
Mlatho wa Golden Gate ndi umodzi mwa milatho yotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, komanso ndi chozizwitsa cha umisiri wamakono wa mlatho. Mlathowu uli pamtunda wa Golden Gate Strait, womwe uli pamtunda wa mamita oposa 1900 kuchokera kwa bwanamkubwa wa California ku United States. Zinatenga zaka zinayi ndi matani oposa 100000 azitsulo. Inamangidwa pamtengo wa US $35.5 miliyoni ndipo inapangidwa ndi Joseph Strauss, injiniya wa mlatho. Chifukwa cha mbiri yakale, zolemba za dzina lomweli zinapangidwa pamodzi ndi Britain ndi United States mu 2007. Mlatho wa Jinmen ndi umodzi mwa milatho yotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, komanso chozizwitsa cha zomangamanga zamakono zamakono. Iwo ali ndi mbiri kukhala tingachipeze powerenga lalanje zitsulo mlatho.
Na. 9 Empire State Building, New York
Empire State Building ndi malo okwera kwambiri omwe ali pa 350 Fifth Avenue, West 33rd Street ndi West 34th Street ku Manhattan, New York City, New York, USA. Dzinali limachokera ku dzina lakutchulidwa la New York State - Empire State, kotero dzina lake la Chingerezi poyambirira limatanthauza New York State Building kapena Empire State Building. Komabe, kumasulira kwa Empire State Building kwagwirizana ndi dziko lapansi ndipo kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira pamenepo. Empire State Building ndi amodzi mwa malo odziwika kwambiri komanso zokopa alendo ku New York City ndi United States. Ndi malo achinayi ataliatali kwambiri ku United States ndi America, komanso malo a 25 aatali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ndilonso lalitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri (1931-1972). Nyumbayi ndi yotalika mamita 381 ndipo ndi 103 pansi pamwamba. Mlongoti womwe unawonjezeredwa mu 1951 ndi mamita 62, ndipo kutalika kwake kumawonjezeka kufika mamita 443. Linapangidwa ndi Shreeve, Mwanawankhosa, ndi Harmon Construction Company. Ndi nyumba yokongoletsera zojambulajambula. Nyumbayi inayamba mu 1930 ndipo inatha mu 1931. Ntchito yomangayi ndi masiku 410 okha, zomwe ndi mbiri yachangu yomanga padziko lonse lapansi.
Nyumba ya Empire State Building imatengera mawonekedwe a konkriti okhazikika, omwe amawonjezera kulimba kwa nyumbayo. Choncho, ngakhale pansi pa mphepo liwiro la makilomita 130 pa ola, kusamuka pazipita pamwamba pa nyumba ndi 25,65 cm.
No.10 Eiffel Tower
Eiffel Tower ili pa Ares Square ku Paris, France. Ndi nyumba yodziwika padziko lonse lapansi, imodzi mwazizindikiro za chikhalidwe cha ku France, chimodzi mwazodziwika bwino za mzinda wa Paris, komanso nyumba yayitali kwambiri ku Paris. Ndi mamita 300 m’mwamba, mamita 24 m’mwamba, ndi mamita 324 m’mwamba. Inamangidwa mu 1889, yotchedwa Gustav Eiffel, katswiri wa zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga yemwe anaipanga. Mapangidwe a nsanjayi ndi atsopano komanso apadera. Ndi luso laukadaulo m'mbiri ya zomangamanga padziko lonse lapansi, komanso malo owoneka bwino komanso chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha Paris, France. Nsanjayo ndi chitsulo, dzenje, zomwe zingachepetse mphamvu ya mphepo. Ndi chimango chokhazikika, ndipo ndi chaching'ono pamwamba ndi chachikulu pansi, chopepuka pamwamba ndi cholemera pansi. Ndiwokhazikika kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-14-2023
