Inyubako zihanganira umutingito - kumurikirwa kuva umutingito wa Türkiye Siriya
Nk’uko amakuru aheruka gusohoka mu bitangazamakuru byinshi abivuga, umutingito wabereye i Türkiye wahitanye abantu barenga 7700 muri Turukiya na Siriya. Inyubako ndende, ibitaro, amashuri n'imihanda ahantu henshi byangiritse cyane. Ibihugu byohereje ubufasha bukurikiranye. Ubushinwa nabwo bwohereza byimazeyo amatsinda atabara.
Ubwubatsi nubwikorezi bwihariye bufitanye isano cyane nubuzima bwabantu. Impamvu nyamukuru zitera abahitanwa n’imitingito ni ugusenya, gusenyuka no kwangirika kw’inyubako n’inyubako.
Inyubako zangijwe n'umutingito
Umutingito wateje gusenya no gusenyuka kw'inyubako n'ibikoresho bitandukanye by'ubwubatsi, kandi bitera igihombo kinini ku mibereho n'imitungo y'igihugu ndetse n'abantu batashoboraga kubarwa. Imikorere y’imitingito y’inyubako ifitanye isano itaziguye n’umutekano w’ubuzima bw’abantu n’umutungo.
Ihahamuka ryatewe na nyamugigima rirababaje. Hariho ingero nyinshi zangiza cyane inyubako zatewe na nyamugigima mumateka - -
"Hafi 100% by'inyubako y'amagorofa 9 ifite icyapa cyateguwe mbere yubakishijwe beto ya Lenin Nakan yaguye."
——Umutingito wo muri Arumeniya 1988 ufite ubukana bwa 7.0
"Umutingito watumye amazu 90000 n'inzu z'ubucuruzi 4000 zisenyuka, amazu 69000 yangiritse ku buryo butandukanye"
——1990 Umutingito wa Irani ufite ubukana bwa 7.7
"Inyubako zirenga 20000 mu karere kose k'umutingito zangiritse, harimo ibitaro, amashuri ndetse n'inzu y'ibiro."
——1992 umutingito wa Türkiye M6.8
"Muri uyu mutingito, amazu 18000 yarangiritse kandi amazu 12000 arasenywa burundu."
——1995 Umutingito wa Kobe ufite ubukana bwa 7.2 i Hyogo, mu Buyapani
"Mu karere ka Lavalakot muri Kashmir iyobowe na Pakisitani, amazu menshi adobe yaguye mu mutingito, kandi imidugudu myinshi yarasenyutse rwose."
—— Umutingito wa Pakisitani ufite ubukana bwa 7.8 muri 2005
Ni izihe nyubako zizwi cyane zirwanya umutingito ku isi? Inyubako zacu zirwanya umutingito zishobora kumenyekana mu gihe kizaza?
1. Ikibuga cy'indege cya Istanbul
Amagambo shingiro: # Kwikuba inshuro eshatu pendulum kwigunga #
>>> Ibisobanuro byubaka:
LEED Zahabu Yemewe Inyubako, niniInyubako yemewekwisi。Iyi nyubako ya metero kare 2 yateguwe neza kandi irashobora gukoreshwa neza ako kanya ibiza. Ikoresha inshuro eshatu zo guteranya pendulum vibration isolator kugirango ifashe inyubako kudasenyuka mugihe habaye umutingito.
2.Utah Umurwa mukuru wa Leta
Amagambo shingiro: # rubber kwigunga bifite #
>>> Ibisobanuro byubaka:
Intara ya Leta ya Utah yibasiwe n’imitingito, kandi yashyizeho uburyo bwihariye bwo kwigunga, bwarangiye mu 2007.
Sisitemu yo kwigunga ya fondasiyo ikubiyemo ko inyubako ishyirwa kumurongo wa 280 yitaruye ikozwe muri reberi yometse kuri fondasiyo yinyubako. Ibyo bikoresho bya reberi bifata ku nyubako n’ishingiro ryayo hifashishijwe ibyuma.
Mugihe habaye umutingito, ibyo byuma byigenga birahagaritse aho kuba bitambitse, bituma inyubako ihinda umushyitsi inyuma gato, bityo bikimura umusingi winyubako, ariko ntibimure umusingi winyubako.
3. Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’imari cya Taipei (Inyubako 101)
Amagambo shingiro: # tuned mass damper #
>>> Ibisobanuro byubaka:
Inyubako ya Taipei 101, izwi kandi ku izina rya Taipei 101 n’inyubako y’imari ya Taipei, iherereye mu Karere ka Xinyi, Tayiwani, Umujyi w’Ubushinwa, Intara ya Tayiwani, Ubushinwa.
Ikirundo fatizo cyinyubako ya Taipei 101 kigizwe na beto 382 yubakishijwe ibyuma, naho impande zose zigizwe ninkingi 8 zishimangiwe. Ibikoresho byateguwe byashyizwe mu nyubako.
Iyo umutingito ubaye, damper ya misa ikora nka pendulum yo kwerekeza muburyo bunyuranye bwinyubako izunguruka, bityo ikwirakwiza ingufu ningaruka zinyeganyeza ziterwa na nyamugigima na tifuni.
Izindi nyubako zizwi cyane za aseismic
Ubuyapani umunara wa Seismic, Ubushinwa Yingxian umunara
Khalifa, Dubai, Centre ya Citi
4.Ikigo cyitsinda
Mu nyubako zose, "Icyicaro gikuru cya Citigroup" gifata iyambere mugukoresha sisitemu kugirango umutekano wiyongere - "tuned mass damper".
5.USA: Kubaka umupira
Amerika yubatse ubwoko bwa "kubaka umupira", nk'inyubako y'uruganda rwa elegitoroniki iherutse kubaka mu kibaya cya Silicon. Imipira idafite ibyuma yashyizwe munsi ya buri nkingi cyangwa urukuta rwinyubako, kandi inyubako yose ishyigikiwe numupira. Ibyuma bya crisscross ibyuma bikosora neza inyubako nishingiro. Iyo umutingito ubaye, ibiti by'ibyuma bya elastike bizahita byiyongera kandi bigabanuke, bityo inyubako izanyerera gato inyuma n'umupira, Irashobora kugabanya cyane imbaraga zangiza umutingito.
7.Ubuyapani: inyubako ndende yo kurwanya imitingito
Igorofa yubatswe na Daikyo Corp, ivuga ko ari ndende mu Buyapani, ikoresha 168imiyoboro y'icyuma, kimwe n’ikoreshwa mu kigo cy’ubucuruzi cy’i New York, kugira ngo ingufu z’ibiza. Byongeye kandi, igorofa ikoresha kandi imiterere itajegajega irwanya umutingito. Mu mutingito ufite ubukana bw’umutingito wa Hanshin, imiterere ihindagurika ubusanzwe ihinda nka metero 1, mu gihe imiterere itajegajega ifite santimetero 30 gusa. Mitsui Fudosan agurisha inzu ifite uburebure bwa metero 93, idafite umutingito mu karere ka Sugimoto muri Tokiyo. Uruzitiro rw'inyubako rukozwe mu mbaraga nshya zifite imbaraga zo mu bwoko bwa reberi 16, naho igice cyo hagati cy'inyubako gikozwe muri reberi yometse kuri sisitemu isanzwe. Muri ubu buryo, mugihe habaye umutingito ufite ubukana bwa 6, imbaraga zinyubako zirashobora kugabanukaho kimwe cya kabiri. Mitsui Fudosan yashyize ku isoko inyubako 40 nk'izo mu 2000.
8.Inyubako nziza
Ubuyapani, agace gakunze kwibasirwa n’umutingito, nabwo bufite uburambe budasanzwe muri kariya gace. Bateguye "inyubako ya elastike" ifite imikorere myiza yimitingito. Ubuyapani bwubatse inyubako 12 zoroshye muri Tokiyo. Yageragejwe n’umutingito ufite ubukana bwa 6.6 muri Tokiyo, byagaragaye ko ari ingirakamaro mu kugabanya ibiza by’imitingito. Ubu bwoko bwa elastique bwubatswe kumubiri wigunze, ugizwe na reberi ya reberi ikomeye ya plaque plaque hamwe na damper. Imiterere yinyubako ntabwo ihura nubutaka. Damper igizwe nicyuma kizunguruka kugirango igabanye kuzamuka no kumanuka.
9.Kureremba aho kurwanya anti-seisimike
Iyi "umupira" nini mubyukuri ni inzu yitwa Barier yakozwe na Kimidori House mu Buyapani. Irashobora kurwanya umutingito no kureremba hejuru y'amazi. Igiciro cyiyi nzu idasanzwe ni 1390000 yen (hafi 100000 yuan).
10.Kora "amazu arwanya umutingito"
Isosiyete y'Abayapani yateje imbere "inzu irwanya umutingito" ihendutse, yose ikozwe mu biti, ifite ubuso bwa metero kare 2 kandi igura amadorari 2000. Irashobora guhaguruka iyo inzu nkuru isenyutse, kandi irashobora kandi kwihanganira ingaruka nogusohora kwinzu yaguye, kandi ikarinda neza ubuzima numutungo wabatuye munzu.
11.Yingxian Wood Tower
Umubare munini wizindi ngamba za tekiniki nazo zikoreshwa mu nyubako gakondo z’Abashinwa, arizo rufunguzo rwo guhangana n’umutingito w’inyubako za kera. Igice cya mortise na tenon ni igihangano cyubwenge. Abakurambere bacu batangiye kuyikoresha hashize imyaka 7000. Ubu buryo bwo guhuza ibice bitagira imisumari bituma imiterere gakondo yimbaho yubushinwa ihinduka imiterere yihariye irenze igoramye, ikadiri cyangwa ikadiri yinyubako zubu. Ntishobora kwikorera umutwaro munini gusa, ahubwo irashobora no kwemerera urwego runaka rwo guhindura ibintu, kandi igakoresha ingufu runaka binyuze mu guhindura ibintu munsi yumutwaro w’umutingito, Kugabanya imiterere y’imitingito y’inyubako
Vuga muri make kumurikirwa
Witondere guhitamo ahazabera
Inyubako ntishobora kubakwa kumakosa akora, imyanda yoroshye hamwe nubutaka bwubatswe inyuma.
Igomba gukorwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa byo gukomera
Inzego zubwubatsi zitujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango inkike zangiritse zizangirika cyane hifashishijwe imitwaro yimitingito (imbaraga).
Igishushanyo mbonera gikwiye kuba gifite ishingiro
Iyo inyubako yateguwe, urukuta ruke cyane rwo kugabana hepfo, umwanya munini cyane, cyangwa inyubako yamagorofa menshi ntabwo yongeramo ibiti byimpeta ninkingi zubatswe nkuko bisabwa, cyangwa ntibishushanya ukurikije uburebure buke, nibindi, bizabikora itera inyubako guhindagurika no gusenyuka umutingito ukomeye.
Wange "umushinga usigaye wibishyimbo"
Inyubako zizubakwa hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gukumira imitingito kandi byubatswe hakurikijwe ibipimo.
Umwanditsi yarangije kuvuga
Hamwe niterambere ryibihe hamwe niterambere ryubusabane, ibiza birashobora kandi guteza imbere udushya twikoranabuhanga ryubwubatsi. Nubwo inyubako zimwe zisa nkizisetsa abantu, mubyukuri, inyubako zose zifite uburyo bwihariye bwo gushushanya. Iyo twumva umutekano uzanwa ninyubako, dukwiye kandi kubaha ibitekerezo byabashushanyije.
Itsinda rikora inganda za Yuantai Derun ryiteguye gukorana n’abashushanya n’abashakashatsi baturutse impande zose z’isi kubaka imishinga yo kubaka aseismic no guharanira kuba uruganda rwose rwaimiyoboro y'ibyuma.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-08-2023
