Ikoreshwa ryaicyumantabwo ari umutekano kubantu gusa, ahubwo ni umutekano kubidukikije.Ariko kuki tubivuga?
Ibyuma Birasubirwamo cyane
Nibintu bizwi cyane ko ibyuma aribintu bisubirwamo cyane kwisi. Muri 2014,86%by'ibyuma byongeye gukoreshwa, birenze umubare w'impapuro, aluminium, plastike n'ibirahure. Ibi birashobora kumvikana bidasanzwe, ariko iyo urebye ibintu bimwe na bimwe byerekeranye nicyuma mugihe nyacyo, birumvikana rwose:
Dukurikije imibare ya Fondasiyo ya Ellen MacArthur, 14% gusa bya plastiki ku isi ni byo byongera gukoreshwa. Ibinyuranye, igipimo cyo kugarura impapuro ku isi ni 58%, naho igipimo cyo kugarura ibyuma ni 70% kugeza 90%. Biragaragara, igipimo cyo kugarura ibyuma nicyinshi.
Kuki ibyuma bihinduka ibikoresho bifite igipimo kinini cyo gukira? Hariho impamvu nyinshi zingenzi:
1. Magnetisme yicyuma
Ibyuma nibikoresho byoroshye gukoreshwa cyane kwisi, cyane cyane kubera magnetism. Magnetism yorohereza gusya gutandukanya ibyuma bisakara, kugirango inganda zisenya ibinyabiziga zishobore kubona inyungu, kubera ko isoko ryo kuzenguruka ibyuma bikuze cyane.
2. Icyuma gifite imiterere itangaje ya metallurgji
Kimwe mu byiza byingenzi byibyuma nkibikoresho ni uko bitazangirika iyo byongeye gukoreshwa. Ibi bivuze ko ibyuma bikoreshwa mubushobozi ubwo aribwo bwose bishobora gushonga kandi bigakoreshwa mubicuruzwa bijya mubindi nta gutakaza imikorere.
3. Ibikoresho byinshi byo gusiba
Hariho amasoko menshi yicyuma gisakaye, kigabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu ninganda:
Imyanda yo murugo - Iki nicyuma cyakuwe mubikorwa bibera imbere muruganda. Nuburyo bwakoreshejwe ninganda zose zibyuma, kuko ibikoresho byose byimyanda bikoreshwa muburyo bumwe.
Ibisigazwa by'uruganda - ibikoresho birenze bitangwa mubyuma byinshi hanyuma bigasubira muruganda kugirango bitunganyirizwe. Imyanda idakoreshwa ako kanya irashonga ako kanya igakorwa mubicuruzwa bishya.
Imyanda ishaje - ibi birashobora guturuka kubicuruzwa bishaje, guta imyanda, cyangwa no gukoresha ibikoresho bya gisirikare bishaje. Inkingi enye z'ibyuma zirashobora gukorwa mubikoresho by'imodoka ishaje.
4. Ibyuma bitunganijwe neza bifite inyungu kubidukikije
Ibyuma bisubirwamo bifite inyungu zibidukikije. Buri toni y'ibyuma bisakara bikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma birashobora kugabanya toni 1.5 ya dioxyde de carbone, toni 14 z'amabuye y'icyuma na 740 by'amakara. Kugeza ubu, dusubirana toni zigera kuri miliyoni 630 z'ibyuma bishaje buri mwaka, kandi dushobora kugabanya toni miliyoni 945 za dioxyde de carbone buri mwaka, zirenga 85%. Ugereranije nuburyo gakondo ukoresheje ubutare bwicyuma namakara nkibikoresho fatizo, umusaruro wibyuma biva mubisigazwa bitwara gusa kimwe cya gatatu cyingufu. Ibisigazwa kandi nibikoresho byingenzi muburyo busanzwe bwo gutanura itanura. Ongeraho ibisigazwa birashobora gukuramo imbaraga zirenze mugikorwa cyo guhindura ibyuma no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwifata mumatanura.
Icyuma nikimwe mubikoresho byambere byongeye gukoreshwa
Uburyo busanzwe bwuruganda urwo arirwo rwose ni ugusubirana ibicuruzwa bivuye mubyuma. Ababikora bamaze igihe kinini bamenye ko ibyuma bitazabura imbaraga iyo bisubiwemo kandi bigakoreshwa mubindi bikorwa. Ndetse imyanda ihumanya nk'irangi na ruswa ntishobora kugira ingaruka ku mbaraga z'ibyuma. Muri 2020, inganda zibyuma zizagarura ibyuma bihagije mumodoka yakoreshejwe yonyine kugirango itange imodoka miriyoni 16. Nubwo bibiri kuri toni eshatu zibyuma bishya biva mubikoresho bitunganijwe neza, biracyakenewe kongeramo ibyuma byibanze mubikorwa. Impamvu nuko ibinyabiziga byinshi nibyuma akenshi biramba cyane kandi bikagira ubuzima burebure, mugihe isi ikenera ibyuma bikomeje kwiyongera.
Mu bihe biri imbere, dukeneye kunoza imikoreshereze y’ibikoresho tunoza igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibicuruzwa, uburyo bwo gukora, kunoza imikoreshereze irambye no kongera gukoresha ibicuruzwa n’abaguzi, no kongera igihe cya serivisi y’ibikoresho. Dufashe izi ngamba, dushobora guteza imbere iterambere rirambye ryabaturage.
Yuantai Derun Umuyoboro w'icyumaIkipe yishimiye ko dukora uruhare rwacu kugirango isi yacu isukure. Dushyira imbere ibikoresho byoroshye gusubiramo. Iyo dukoreshwa mumushinga, dushyira imbere ibikoresho bitunganijwe kandi bisubirwamo.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-07-2023
