Iyo simbi yekugadzira dhizaini inosanganisa maitiro uye runako rwechinyakare uye yemazuva ano zvivakwa. Zvivakwa zvakawanda zvakakura pasi rose zvinoshandisa tekinoroji yekugadzira simbi muhuwandu hukuru. Ndezvipi zvivakwa zvesimbi zvine mukurumbira pasi rose? PaZuva raValentine, ndapota tevera tsoka dzedu kuti utende maitiro erudo emhando yepamusoro gumi yesimbi.
No.1 Beijing Shiri Nest
The Shiri Nest ndiyo nhandare huru ye2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Dhizaini huru yenhandare, yakapedzwa naHerzog, De Mellon uye mugadziri wekuChina Li Xinggang, uyo akahwina Mubairo wePulitzer muna 2001, akaumbwa se "dendere" rinobereka hupenyu. Zvakafanana nekamwana kacheche, kanoratidza tariro dzevanhu nezveramangwana. Vagadziri vacho havana kuita chero chinhu chakashata kunhandare yenyika, asi pachena vakafumura chimiro kunze, nokudaro vachigadzira chitarisiko chechivako. Muna July 2007, Times yeEngland yakamboona nezvezvivakwa gumi zvikuru uye zvinokosha zvikuru zviri kuvakwa pasi rose. Panguva iyoyo, "Bird's Nest" iri panzvimbo yekutanga. Chinyorwa chazvino chemagazini yeTime chakaburitswa muna Zvita 24 wegore rimwe chetero chakasarudza gumi repamusoro zvishamiso zvekuvaka zvepasirese muna 2007, uye Nest yeShiri yaive yakakodzera rondedzero.
Chimiro chesimbi chakanakisa ndecheShiri. Izvo zvikamu zvechimiro zvinotsigirana, zvichigadzira network-yakafanana hurongwa. Kuonekwa kwekukwira nekudzika kunorerutsa pfungwa yehuwandu hwechivako, uye inopa chimiro chinoshamisa uye chinokatyamadza. Chivako chikuru inzvimbo yesadhi ellipse, uye ndiyo imwe chete simbi yekugadzira purojekiti ine span yakakura pasirese parizvino.
TianjinYuantai DerunSteel Pipe Manufacturing Group ndiyo hombe simbi yekugadzira pombi inogadzira muChina. Yakapa zvakawandamapaipi esimbi akaenzana, rectangular simbi mapaipiuyedenderedzwa simbi mapaipi for the construction of stadiums such as the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube. Dear designers and engineers, if you are also working on a steel structure project, please consult and leave us a message. E-mail: sales@ytdrgg.com
Nhamba 2 Sydney Grand Theater
Iri kuchamhembe kweSydney, Sydney Opera House chivakwa chakakosha muSydney, chakagadzirwa nemugadziri weDanish Jon Usson. Pazasi pedenga rakaita segoko pane mvura inosanganisa imba yemitambo nehoro. Kuvakwa kwemukati kweimba ye opera inofananidzwa netsika yeMaya uye temberi yeAztec. Kuvakwa kwechivako chacho kwakatanga muna March 1959 uye kwakapedzwa zviri pamutemo ndokuendeswa kuti chishandiswe pana October 20, 1973, kuchitora hwerengedzo yamakore 14. The Sydney Opera House chivakwa chine mucherechedzo muAustralia uye chimwe chezvivakwa zvakasarudzika muzana remakore rechi20. Muna 2007, yakaverengerwa seWorld Cultural Heritage neUNESCO.
Iyo Sydney Opera House inoshandisa yakashandurwa yakasimbiswa kongiri madziro emadziro uye yakashandurwa yakawanda-layer chimiro kutsigira denga, kuitira kuti igone kutakura mutoro pasina kukuvadza curvature yepakutanga dhizaini.
No.3 World Trade Center
World Trade Center (1973-September 11, 2001), iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweManhattan Island muNew York, inoganhurana neRwizi rweHudson kumadokero, uye ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzeNew York. World Trade Center inoumbwa nenhurikidzwa mbiri dzeshongwe, zvivakwa zvehofisi zvina zvine nhurikidzwa manomwe uye imwe hotera ine nhurikidzwa makumi maviri nemaviri. Yakavakwa kubva muna 1962 kusvika 1976. Muridzi wePort Authority yeNew York neNew Jersey. World Trade Center yaimbova mapatya akareba kupfuura mamwe pasi rose, chishamiso cheNew York City, uye chimwe chezvivakwa zvakareba zvikuru pasi rose. Musi waGunyana 11, 2001, muchiitiko chaSeptember 11 chakavhundutsa nyika yose, zvivakwa zviviri zvikuru zveWorld Trade Center zvakadonha chimwe pashure pechimwe mukurwisa kwemagandanga, uye vanhu 2753 vakafa. Iyi yaive tsaona yakaipisisa yekurwisa kwemagandanga munhoroondo.
Iwo mapatya eWorld Trade Center akagadzirwa neazvino simbi furemu sleeve chimiro system, iyo inobatanidza yekunze inotsigira chimiro nepakati pepakati chimiro kuburikidza neyakachinjika pasi truss. Iyi dhizaini inopa chivakwa kugadzikana kunoshamisa. Pamusoro pekutakura huremu hwechivako, mbiru dzesimbi dzekunze dzinofanirawo kumira nesimba remhepo rinoshanda pamutumbi weshongwe. Kureva kuti, iyo yemukati inotsigira chimiro inongoda kutakura yayo yakatwasuka mutoro.
Nhamba 4 London Millennium Dome
Millennium Dome yakatsanangurwa sechivako chakaremara kare, asi zvakare chivakwa chinomiririra muLondon. Forbes, magazini ine mukurumbira yezvemari, yakaita ongororo yemaonero everuzhinji pamusoro pevagadziri vezvivakwa, uye yakaona kuti Millennium Dome, iyo yakavakwa muBritain nemutengo wemamiriyoni mazana manomwe epaunzi kupemberera Millennium, yakasarudzwa seyokutanga "chinhu chakashata pasi rose. ". Millennium Dome chivakwa chesainzi chekuratidzira, chiri paGreenwich Peninsula neRwizi rweThames, inofukidza nzvimbo yemaeka mazana matatu uye inodhura 80 miriyoni mapaundi (1.25 bhiriyoni emadhora). Icho chimwe chezvivakwa zvekurangaridza zvakavakwa neBritain kupemberera Mireniyamu mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20 uye 21st century.
No.5 Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers
Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers yaimbove skyscraper refu pasi rose, asi ichiri mapatya akareba pasi rose uye yechishanu pakureba chivako pasi rose. Inowanikwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweKuala Lumpur. Iwo mapatya muKuala Lumpur akareba mamita 452 uye ane huwandu hwe88 pasi pamusoro pevhu. Pamusoro pechivako chakagadzirwa nemugadziri weAmerica Cesar Pelli anoshandisa zvinhu zvakawanda zvakadai sesimbi isina tsvina uye girazi. Iyo Twin Towers uye iri padyo neKuala Lumpur Shongwe zvese zvinonyatso kuzivikanwa nzvimbo uye zviratidzo zveKuala Lumpur. Iyo yakasimbiswa kongiri furemu (core chubhu) outrigger dhizaini sisitimu inogamuchirwa nemapatya shongwe chimiro chehybrid chinonyanya kuumbwa neyakasimbiswa kongiri chimiro, ine simbi yekushandisa ye7500 matani. Iyo yekubatsira denderedzwa dhizaini chimiro padivi pega yega chimiro chikuru chakabatana nemuviri mukuru, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera lateral kuramba kweiyo huru chimiro.
Nhamba 6 Sears Tower, Chicago
Sears Building, yakashandurwawo seWelley Group Building, inzvimbo ine skyscraper iri muChicago, Illinois, USA. Chakanga chiri chivako chakareba zvikurusa muNorth America. Musi waNovember 12, 2013, yakaputswa neWorld Trade Center Building 1. Payakapera, yakanzi Sears Tower. Muna 2009, kambani yeinishuwarenzi yeLondon, Wellay Group, yakabvuma kurenda chikamu chikuru chechivako ichi sechivako chehofisi, uye yakawana kodzero yekupa zita rechivako sechikamu chechibvumirano. Na 10:00 musi waChikunguru 16, 2009, zita repamutemo rechivako rakashandurwa zviri pamutemo kuita Wellay Group Building. Sears Tower, ine uriri hwe110, yaimbova chivako chehofisi chepamusoro-soro pasi rose. Vanhu vanosvika 16500 vanouya kuzoshanda pano mazuva ese. Pauriri hwe103, pane chikuva chekutarisa chevashanyi kuti vatarise guta. Iri mamita 412 pamusoro pevhu uye inokwanisa kuona matunhu mana eUnited States kana kunze kwakachena.
Chivako chinotora bundle chubhu chimiro system inoumbwa nesimbi mafuremu. Chivako chose chinotaridzirwa se cantilever beam-tube space structure. Iyo iri kure kure nevhu, idiki simba rekugera ndiro. Kudengenyeka kunokonzerwa nekumanikidza kwemhepo pamusoro pechivako kunoderedzwawo zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinowedzera zvakanyanya kusimba uye lateral simba rekudzivirira kwechivako.
Nhamba 7 Tokyo TV Tower
The Tokyo TV Tower yakapedzwa muna December 1958. Yakazarurirwa vashanyi muna July 1968. Shongwe yacho yakareba mamita 333 uye inofukidza nzvimbo ye 2118 square metres. Musi waGunyana 27, 1998, shongwe yeTV yakareba kupfuura dzose pasi rose ichavakwa muTokyo. Iyo yakareba yakazvimiririra shongwe muJapan yakareba 13 metres kupfuura Eiffel Tower muParis, France. Zvinhu zvekuvaka zvinoshandiswa hafu yeEiffel Tower. Nguva yekuvaka shongwe isingasviki chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenguva yekuvakwa kweEiffel Tower, iyo yakavhundutsa nyika panguva iyoyo. Iyo yakasimbiswa kongiri chimiro chine zvakanakira kusimba, kusimba, kunaka kwekudzivirira moto, kuchengetedza simbi uye mutengo wakaderera uchienzaniswa neyakajeka simbi chimiro.
No.8 San Francisco Golden Gate Bridge
The Golden Gate Bridge nderimwe remabhiriji ane mukurumbira pasi rose, uyewo chishamiso cheinjiniya yemabhiriji emazuva ano. Zambuko iri rinomira paGolden Gate Strait, iri kure nemamita anopfuura 1900 kubva kuna gavhuna weCalifornia weUnited States. Zvakatora makore mana uye anopfuura 100000 matani esimbi. Rakavakwa nemari inosvika US$35.5 miriyoni uye rakagadzirwa naJoseph Strauss, injiniya wemabhiriji. Nekuda kweukoshi hwayo hwenhoroondo, gwaro rezita rimwe chetero rakagadzirwa pamwe chete neBritain neUnited States muna 2007. Jinmen Bridge nderimwe remabhiriji ane mukurumbira pasi rose ekugadzirwa kwesimbi, uyewo chishamiso cheinjiniya yemabhiriji yemazuva ano. Iyo ine mukurumbira wekuve yakasarudzika orenji simbi chimiro zambuko.
Nhamba 9 Empire State Building, New York
Empire State Building inzvimbo ine mukurumbira skyscraper iri pa350 Fifth Avenue, West 33rd Street uye West 34th Street muManhattan, New York City, New York, USA. Iro zita rinobva pazita remadunhurirwa reNew York State - Empire State, saka zita rayo rechirungu rinomboreva kuti New York State Building kana Empire State Building. Nekudaro, shandurudzo yeEmpire State Building yakabvumirana nenyika uye yakashandiswa kubva ipapo. Empire State Building ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa uye dzinokwezva vashanyi muNew York City neUnited States. Ndiyo yechina yakareba skyscraper muUnited States neAmerica, uye 25th yakareba skyscraper munyika. Ndiyo zvakare yakareba skyscraper munyika kwenguva yakareba kwazvo (1931-1972). Chivako chacho chakareba mamita 381 uye 103 pasi pakakwirira. Iyo antenna yakawedzerwa muna 1951 yakakwira 62 metres, uye kureba kwayo kwakawedzera kusvika 443 metres. Yakagadzirwa neShreeve, Gwayana, uye Harmon Construction Company. Icho chivakwa chekushongedza chimiro chekugadzira. Chivako ichi chakatangwa muna 1930 uye chakapedzwa muna 1931. Basa rokuvaka rinongori mazuva 410 chete, inova rekodhi isingawanzoitiki pakuvaka munyika yose.
Iyo Empire State Building inotora yakasimbiswa kongiri chubhu-in-tube chimiro, iyo inowedzera kuoma kwepashure kwechivako. Nokudaro, kunyange pasi pemhepo inomhanya yemakiromita 130 paawa, iyo yakanyanya kutama kwepamusoro pechivako ndeye 25.65 cm chete.
No.10 Eiffel Tower
Eiffel Tower inomira muAres Square muParis, France. Ichi chivakwa chine mukurumbira pasi rose, chimwe chezviratidzo zvetsika dzechiFrench, imwe yenzvimbo dzeguta reParis, uye zvakare chivakwa chakareba kwazvo muParis. Yakareba mamita 300, yakakwirira mamita 24, uye yakakwirira mamita 324. Yakavakwa muna 1889, yakatumidzwa zita raGustav Eiffel, mugadziri ane mukurumbira uye mugadziri wezvimiro akazvigadzira. Dhizaini yeshongwe ndeye novel uye yakasarudzika. Iyo inyanzvi yehunyanzvi munhoroondo yezvivakwa zvepasirese, uye yakakosha nzvimbo inotaridzika uye yakakurumbira chiratidzo cheParis, France. Iyo shongwe chimiro chesimbi, mhango, iyo inogona kunyatso kudzikisa kukanganiswa kwemhepo. Chimiro chefuremu chine kugadzikana, uye idiki kumusoro uye yakakura pasi, yakareruka kumusoro uye inorema pasi. Yakanyatsogadzikana.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-14-2023
