(1) Nadiifinta dareeraha dabiiciga ah

Waxay inta badan isticmaasha dareerayaasha organic si ay u milmaan saliid saboonaysan iyo kuwa aan saabuun lahayn si looga saaro wasakhda saliidda. Walxaha dabiiciga ah ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah ethanol, gasoline nadiifinta, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, iwm Waa in la ogaadaa in ka dib marka saliidda laga saaro dareeraha organic, saarista saliidda dheeraadka ah waa in sidoo kale la sameeyaa. Marka dareeruhu ku rogmado dusha sare eetuubo leydi ah, sida caadiga ah waxaa jira filim khafiif ah oo hadhay, kaas oo laga saari karo hababka soo socda sida nadiifinta alkali iyo saarista saliidda korantada.

(2) Nadiifinta kiimikooyinka korantada

Saliidda Cathode ama isticmaalka beddelka ah ee anode iyo cathode ayaa inta badan la isticmaalaa. Gaaska hydrogen ee ka soocay cathode ama gaaska oksijiinta ee laga soocay anode ee falcelinta elektiroonigga ah ayaa si farsamaysan u walaaqay xalka dusha sare eetuubo leydi ahsi kor loogu qaado wasakhda saliidda si looga baxsado dusha birta. Isla mar ahaantaana, xalka si joogto ah ayaa loo beddelaa, kaas oo ku habboon falcelinta saponification iyo emulsification ee saliidda. Saliida soo hartay waxaa laga sooci doonaa dusha birta iyadoo ay saameynayaan goobooyin kala go'an oo joogto ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, habka loo yaqaan 'cathodic dereasing', hydrogen inta badan waxay ku dhex jirtaa birta, taas oo keenta qulqulka hydrogen. Si looga hortago qallafsanaanta hydrogen, cathode iyo anode waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa in laga saaro saliidda beddelkeeda.

(3) Nadiifinta alkaline

Habka nadiifinta ee ku salaysan ficilka kiimikaad ee alkali ayaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa sababtoo ah isticmaalkeeda fudud, qiimaha hoose iyo helitaanka sahlan ee alaabta ceeriin. Maadaama habka dhaqidda alkali uu ku xiran yahay saponification, emulsification iyo hawlaha kale, hal alkali ah looma isticmaali karo si loo gaaro waxqabadka kor ku xusan. Qaybo kala duwan ayaa inta badan la isticmaalaa, wax lagu daro sida surfactants ayaa mararka qaarkood lagu daraa. alkalinity ayaa go'aamiya heerka falcelinta saponification, iyo alkalinity sare yaraynaysaa xiisadda dusha u dhexeeya saliidda iyo xal, samaynta saliid fudud in emulsify. Intaa waxaa dheer, wakiilka nadiifinta ee ku hadhay dusha sare eeqayb godan oo afar gees ahwaxa lagu saari karaa biyo maydhista ka dib marka la dhaqo alkali.

(4) Nadiifinta dusha sare

Waa hab si ballaaran loo isticmaalo saarista saliidda iyadoo la isticmaalayo sifooyinka surfactant sida xiisad hoose oo hoose, qoyaan wanaagsan iyo awood emulsifying xooggan. Iyada oo emulsification ee surfactant, maaskaro wajiga interfacial xoog gaar ah ayaa la sameeyay on interface saliid-biyo si ay u bedesho gobolka interface ah, si ay qayb saliidda waxaa lagu kala firdhiyey in xal aqueous si ay u sameeyaan emulsion ah. Ama iyada oo loo marayo ficilka milanka ee surfactant, wasakhda saliidda ee aan lagu milmi karin biyaha dusheedatuubo leydi ahwaxaa lagu milmaa micele surfactant, si loogu wareejiyo wasakhda saliidda xalka aqueous.