Isakhiwo sensimbi yesakhiwo sidibanisa isitayela kunye nobuhle bezakhiwo zakudala kunye nezanamhlanje. Izakhiwo ezininzi ezinkulu emhlabeni jikelele zisebenzisa iteknoloji yesakhiwo sentsimbi kwisixa esikhulu. Zeziphi izakhiwo zentsimbi ezidumileyo ehlabathini? NgoSuku lweValentine, nceda ulandele emanyathelweni ethu ukuxabisa isitayile sothando sezona zakhiwo ziphezulu ezilishumi zehlabathi zentsimbi.
No.1 Beijing Bird's Nest
INdlwane yeeNtaka lelona bala lemidlalo ye-Olimpiki yaseBeijing ka-2008. Uyilo lwebala elikhulu, olugqitywe nguHerzog, uDe Mellon kunye nomzobi waseTshayina u-Li Xinggang, owaphumelela ibhaso lePulitzer ngo-2001, limile njenge "ndlwane" ezala ubomi. Kufana nokukhula, evakalisa amathemba abantu ngekamva. Abaqulunqi abazange benze nantoni na engafanelekanga kwibala lezemidlalo lesizwe, kodwa ngokungafihlisiyo baveze isakhiwo ngaphandle, ngaloo ndlela ngokwemvelo benza inkangeleko yesakhiwo. NgoJulayi 2007, i<em>Times yaseNgilani yakha yalinganisa ezona zakhiwo zilishumi zikhulu nezibalulekileyo ezakhiwayo ehlabathini. Ngelo xesha, i-"Bird's Nest" ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala. Ushicilelo lwamva nje lwephephancwadi i-Time elapapashwa nge-24 kaDisemba waloo nyaka wakhetha ezona zimangalisayo zilishumi zezokwakha zehlabathi ngo-2007, kwaye iNdlwane yeNtaka yayilufanelekele uluhlu.
Esona sakhiwo sentsimbi yiNdlwane yeNtaka. Amacandelo esakhiwo axhasana, enza isakhelo esifana nenethiwekhi. Ukubonakala kokunyuka kunye nokuhla kunciphisa ingqiqo yomthamo wesakhiwo, kwaye kunika ukubukeka okumangalisayo kunye nokothusayo. Esona sakhiwo siphambili yisaliphu yesali, kwaye yiprojekthi yolwakhiwo lwentsimbi enesona sithuba sikhulu ehlabathini ngoku.
eTianjinYuantai DerunSteel Pipe Manufacturing Group ngoyena umenzi umbhobho wentsimbi yesakhiwo inkulu e China. Ibonelele abaninziimibhobho yentsimbi yesikwere, imibhobho yentsimbi yoxandekwayeimibhobho yentsimbi ejikelezayo for the construction of stadiums such as the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube. Dear designers and engineers, if you are also working on a steel structure project, please consult and leave us a message. E-mail: sales@ytdrgg.com
No. 2 Sydney Grand Theatre
Ifumaneka emantla eSydney, iSydney Opera House sisakhiwo esibalulekileyo eSydney, esiyilwe ngumzobi waseDanish uJon Usson. Ngaphantsi kophahla olumile okweqokobhe kukho amanzi adibanisa iholo yeqonga neholo. Uyilo lwangaphakathi lwendlu ye-opera imodeli yenkcubeko yamaMaya kunye netempile yama-Aztec. Ukwakhiwa kweso sakhiwo kwaqalisa ngoMatshi 1959 kwaza kwagqitywa ngokusemthethweni kwaza kwanikelwa ukuba sisetyenziswe ngo-Oktobha 20, 1973, kwathabatha iminyaka eli-14 xa iyonke. ISydney Opera House sisakhiwo esibalulekileyo eOstreliya kwaye sesinye sezona zakhiwo zahlukileyo kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ngo-2007, inikwe i-UNESCO njengeLifa leMveli leNkcubeko yeHlabathi.
I-Sydney Opera House isebenzisa udonga lwesakhiwo sekhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo eguqulweyo kunye nesakhiwo esiguqulwayo esinemigangatho emininzi ukuxhasa uphahla, ukuze ikwazi ukuthwala umthwalo ngaphandle kokonakalisa i-curvature yoyilo lwangaphambili.
No.3 World Trade Centre
IWorld Trade Center (ngowe-1973-ngoSeptemba 11, 2001), ekumzantsi-ntshona weSiqithi saseManhattan eNew York, kumda woMlambo iHudson ngasentshona, yaye yenye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo eNew York. IWorld Trade Center yenziwe ziinqaba eziphakamileyo ezimbini, izakhiwo ezine zeeofisi ezinemigangatho esi-7 kunye nehotele enye enemigangatho engama-22. Yakhiwa ukususela ngowe-1962 ukuya kutsho ngowe-1976. Umnini wayo nguGunyaziwe weZibuko laseNew York naseNew Jersey. IWorld Trade Center yayikade ilolona nqaba lude ehlabathini, indawo ephawulekayo yesiXeko saseNew York, nesinye sezona zakhiwo zide ehlabathini. NgoSeptemba 11, 2001, kwisiganeko sikaSeptemba 11 esothusa ihlabathi, izakhiwo ezibini eziphambili zeWorld Trade Center zawa esinye emva kwesinye kuhlaselo lwabanqolobi, kwaza kwafa abantu abangama-2753. Le yayiyeyona ngozi yohlaselo lwabanqolobi kwimbali.
Iinqaba zamawele eZiko loRhwebo lweHlabathi ziyilwe kunye nenkqubo yokwakhiwa kwemikhono yesakhelo sentsimbi, edibanisa ulwakhiwo oluxhasayo lwangaphandle kunye nesakhiwo esingundoqo esisembindini ngokusebenzisa i-truss yomgangatho othe tye. Olu yilo lunika isakhiwo ukuzinza okungaqhelekanga. Ukongeza ekuthwaleni ubunzima besakhiwo, iintsika zentsimbi zangaphandle kufuneka zimelane namandla omoya asebenza kumzimba wenqaba. Oko kukuthi, isakhiwo esixhasayo sangaphakathi sidinga kuphela ukuthwala umthwalo waso othe nkqo.
No. 4 London Millennium Dome
I-Millennium Dome ichazwe njengesakhiwo esikhubazekileyo kwixesha elidlulileyo, kodwa ikwasisakhiwo esimele eLondon. I-Forbes, iphephancwadi elidumileyo lezemali, lenze uphando lwezimvo zoluntu malunga nabakhi bezakhiwo, kwaye yafumanisa ukuba iMillennium Dome, eyakhiwa eBritani ngexabiso le-750 yezigidi zeeponti ukubhiyozela iMillennium, yakhethwa njengeyona nto yokuqala "embi kakhulu emhlabeni. ". I-Millennium Dome sisakhiwo seziko lezenzululwazi lomboniso, esikuSingasiqithi weGreenwich ngakuMlambo iThames, sigubungela ummandla oziihektare ezingama-300 kwaye sixabisa i-80 yezigidi zeeponti (i-1.25 yeebhiliyoni zeedola). Sesinye sezakhiwo zesikhumbuzo ezakhiwa yiBritane ukubhiyozela iMillennium ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 nakwinkulungwane yama-21.
No.5 Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers
I-Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers yayikade yesona sakhiwo siphakamileyo emhlabeni, kodwa isezezona nqaba ziphakamileyo zehlabathi kwaye zisesona sakhiwo sesihlanu siphakamileyo ehlabathini. Ibekwe kwikona esemantla ntshona eKuala Lumpur. Iinqaba ezimbini zaseKuala Lumpur ziziimitha ezingama-452 ukuphakama kwaye zinemigangatho engama-88 ngaphezulu komhlaba. Umphezulu wesakhiwo owenziwe ngumzobi waseMelika uCesar Pelli usebenzisa izinto ezininzi ezifana nensimbi engenasici kunye neglasi. I-Twin Towers kunye neNqaba ye-Kuala Lumpur ekufuphi nazo zombini iindawo eziphawulekayo kunye neempawu ze-Kuala Lumpur. Isakhelo sekhonkrithi esomeleziweyo (ityhubhu engundoqo) inkqubo yesakhiwo se-outrigger esamkelwe yi-twin towers sisakhiwo se-hybridi ikakhulu sihlanganiswe nesakhiwo sekhonkrithi esomeleziweyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi yeetoni ezingama-7500. Isakhiwo sesakhelo sesetyhula esincedisayo ecaleni kwesakhiwo ngasinye esiphambili sidibaniswe nomzimba oyintloko, onokunyusa ukuchasana kwecala lesakhiwo esiphambili.
No. 6 Sears Tower, Chicago
Isakhiwo seSears, esikwaguqulelwe njengeSakhiwo seQela leWelley, sisakhiwo esiphakamileyo esiseChicago, eIllinois, eMelika. Yayisesona sakhiwo siphakamileyo kuMntla Merika. Ngomhla we-12 kuNovemba ka-2013, yaphulwa yi-World Trade Center Building 1. Xa yagqitywayo, yayibizwa ngokuba yiSears Tower. Ngo-2009, inkampani ethengisa i-inshurensi eseLondon, iWellay Group, yavuma ukuqesha inxalenye enkulu yesakhiwo njengesakhiwo seofisi, yaza yafumana ilungelo lokuthiywa kwesakhiwo njengenxalenye yesivumelwano. Ngentsimbi ye-10:00 ngoJulayi 16, 2009, igama elisemthethweni lesakhiwo latshintshwa ngokusemthethweni leSakhiwo seQela saseWellay. ISears Tower, enemigangatho eli-110, yayikade isesona sakhiwo siphakamileyo seeofisi ehlabathini. Bamalunga ne-16500 abantu abeza kusebenza apha yonke imihla. Kumgangatho we-103, kukho iqonga lokujonga abakhenkethi ukuba bajonge isixeko. Imalunga neemitha ezingama-412 ukusuka emhlabeni kwaye inokubona amazwe amane aseUnited States xa imozulu ipholile.
Isakhiwo samkela inkqubo yesakhiwo setyhubhu ye-bundle eyenziwe ngamafreyimu ensimbi. Isakhiwo sisonke sithathwa njengesakhiwo sesithuba se-cantilever beam-tube. Okukhona kude emhlabeni, kokukhona kuncinci amandla okucheba. Ukungcangcazela okubangelwa kuxinzelelo lomoya phezulu kwesakhiwo nako kuncitshiswe kakhulu. Oku kwandisa kakhulu ukuqina kunye nokumelana namandla asecaleni kwesakhiwo.
No. 7 Tokyo TV Tower
ITokyo TV Tower yagqitywa ngoDisemba 1958. Yavulelwa abakhenkethi ngoJulayi 1968. Le nqaba imalunga neemitha ezingama-333 ukuphakama kwaye igubungela ummandla ozizikwemitha ezingama-2118. NgoSeptemba 27, 1998, eyona nqaba iphakamileyo kamabonwakude iza kwakhiwa eTokyo. Eyona nqaba inde izimeleyo eJapan ibude buzimitha ezili-13 kuneEiffel Tower eParis, eFransi. Izinto zokwakha ezisetyenzisiweyo zisiqingatha se-Eiffel Tower. Ixesha lokwakhiwa kwenqaba lingaphantsi kwesinye kwisithathu sexesha lokwakhiwa kwe-Eiffel Tower, eyothusa ihlabathi ngelo xesha. Isakhiwo sekhonkrithi esomeleziweyo kunye neenzuzo zokuqina, ukuqina, ukumelana nomlilo okulungileyo, ukugcinwa kwentsimbi kunye neendleko eziphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nesakhiwo sentsimbi ecocekileyo.
No.8 San Francisco Golden Gate Bridge
Ibhulorho yeSango leGolide yenye yeebhulorho ezidumileyo ehlabathini, ikwangummangaliso wobunjineli beebhulorho zale mihla. Le bhulorho imi kwiGolden Gate Strait, ekumgama ongaphezulu kweemitha ezili-1900 ukusuka kwirhuluneli yaseKhalifoniya yaseUnited States. Kwathatha iminyaka emine kunye neetoni ezingaphezu kwe-100000 zentsimbi. Yakhiwa ngexabiso le-US $35.5 yezigidi kwaye yayilwa nguJoseph Strauss, injineli yebhulorho. Ngenxa yexabiso layo ngokwembali, i-documentary yegama elifanayo yaveliswa yiBritani kunye ne-United States ngo-2007. Ibhulorho iJinmen yenye yeebhulorho zesakhiwo sentsimbi edumileyo, kwaye ikwangummangaliso wobunjineli beebhulorho zanamhlanje. Inodumo lokuba yibhulorho yesakhiwo sentsimbi e-orenji.
No. 9 Empire State Building, New York
I-Empire State Building i-skyscraper eyaziwayo e-350 Fifth Avenue, i-West 33rd Street kunye ne-West 34th Street e-Manhattan, kwisixeko saseNew York, eNew York, eU.SA. Eli gama lisuka kwisiqhulo seNew York State-Empire State, ngoko ke igama laso lesiNgesi lithetha iSakhiwo seSixeko saseNew York okanye iSakhiwo seLizwe sase-Empire. Nangona kunjalo, ukuguqulelwa kwe-Empire State Building kuye kwavumelana nehlabathi kwaye kuye kwasetyenziswa ukususela ngoko. I-Empire State Building yenye yezona ndawo zidumileyo kunye neendawo ezinomtsalane kubakhenkethi kwisiXeko saseNew York nase-United States. Yesine ubude be-skyscraper e-United States kunye naseMelika, kunye ne-25th skyscraper ubude emhlabeni. Ikwayeyona skyscraper ide kakhulu emhlabeni ixesha elide (1931-1972). Esi sakhiwo siziimitha ezingama-381 ukuphakama nemigangatho eyi-103 ukuphakama. I-antenna eyongeziweyo ngo-1951 iphakamileyo yeemitha ezingama-62, kwaye ubude bayo bubonke bunyuswe ukuya kuma-443 eemitha. Yayilwa nguShreeve, iMvana, kunye neHarmon Construction Company. Sisakhiwo sobugcisa bokuhombisa. Esi sakhiwo saqalwa ngowe-1930 saza sagqitywa ngowe-1931. Inkqubo yokwakhiwa kweentsuku ezingama-410 kuphela, nto leyo eyirekhodi elinqabileyo lesantya sokwakha ehlabathini.
I-Empire State Building ithatha i-concrete ye-concrete ye-tube-in-tube isakhiwo, eyandisa ukuqina kwecala lesakhiwo. Ngoko ke, naphantsi kwesantya somoya weekhilomitha ezili-130 ngeyure, ukufuduka okuphezulu kwendawo ephezulu yesakhiwo yi-25.65 cm kuphela.
No.10 Eiffel Tower
Inqaba ye-Eiffel ime kwi-Ares Square eParis, eFransi. Sisakhiwo esidumileyo kwihlabathi, enye yeesimboli zenkcubeko yamaFrentshi, enye yeempawu zedolophu yaseParis, kunye nesona sakhiwo side eParis. Iziimitha ezingama-300 ukuphakama, iimitha ezingama-24 ukuphakama, neemitha ezingama-324 ukuphakama. Yakhiwa ngo-1889, yathiywa ngoGustav Eiffel, umyili odumileyo kunye nenjineli yolwakhiwo owayilwayo. Uyilo lwenqaba luyinoveli kwaye yodwa. Bubuchwephesha bobugcisa kwimbali yoyilo lwehlabathi, kunye nendawo ebalulekileyo ebukekayo kunye nophawu olubalaseleyo lwaseParis, eFransi. Inqaba iyisakhiwo sentsimbi, i-hollow, enokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo impembelelo yomoya. Sisakhiwo sesakhelo esinozinzo, kwaye incinci phezulu kwaye inkulu ezantsi, ilula phezulu kwaye inzima ezantsi. Izinzile kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-14-2023
