Izakhiwo ezixhathisayo kwinyikima-ukhanyiso oluvela kwinyikima yaseTürkiye eSyria
Ngokutsho kweendaba zamva nje ezivela kumajelo amaninzi, inyikima yaseTürkiye ibulale abantu abangaphezu kwe-7700 eTurkey naseSiriya. Izakhiwo eziphakamileyo, izibhedlele, izikolo kunye neendlela kwiindawo ezininzi zonakaliswe kakhulu. Amazwe athumele uncedo ngokulandelelana. I-China ikwathumela amaqela oncedo kwindawo yexhwayelo.
I-Architecture sisithwala sendalo esinxulumene ngokusondeleyo nobomi bomntu. Oyena nobangela wokwenzakala kwiinyikima kukutshatyalaliswa, ukuwa kunye nokonakala komphezulu wezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo.
Izakhiwo ezonakaliswe yinyikima
Inyikima yabangela ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nokuwa kwezakhiwo kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli, kwaye yabangela ilahleko enkulu kubomi kunye neepropati zelizwe kunye nabantu abangenakubalwa. Ukusebenza kwenyikima kwezakhiwo kunxulumene ngqo nokhuseleko lobomi babantu kunye nepropathi.
Ukwenzakala okubangelwa ziinyikima kuyingozi enkulu. Mininzi imizekelo yomonakalo omkhulu kwizakhiwo owenziwe ziinyikima kwimbali——
"Phantse i-100% yesakhiwo esinemigangatho eyi-9 kunye ne-slab eyomeleziweyo yesakhiwo sesakhelo sekhonkrithi e-Lenin Nakan yadilika."
——Inyikima yaseArmenia yowe-1988 eyayinomlinganiselo wesi-7,0
"Inyikima yabangela ukuba izindlu ezingama-90000 kunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo ezingama-4000 zidilike, kwaye izindlu ezingama-69000 zonakaliswe ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo"
——1990 Inyikima yaseIran eyayinomlinganiselo wesi-7,7
"Izakhiwo ezingaphezu kwe-20000 kwindawo yonke yenyikima zonakaliswe, kuquka izibhedlele, izikolo kunye nezakhiwo zeeofisi"
——1992 Türkiye M6.8 inyikima
"Kule nyikima, izakhiwo ze-18000 zonakaliswe kwaye izindlu ze-12000 zatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo."
——1995 Inyikima yaseKobe enobukhulu obusisi-7.2 eHyogo, eJapan
"Kwingingqi yaseLavalakot eKashmir elawulwa yiPakistan, izindlu ezininzi ze-adobe zawa ngenxa yenyikima, kwaye iidolophana ezininzi zachithwa ngokupheleleyo."
——Inyikima yasePakistan eyayinomlinganiselo we-7.8 ngo-2005
Zeziphi ezona zakhiwo zidumileyo ehlabathini ezikwaziyo ukumelana neenyikima? Ngaba izakhiwo zethu ezikwaziyo ukumelana neenyikima zinokusasazwa kwixesha elizayo?
1. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseIstanbul Ataturk
Amagama angundoqo: # Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-pendulum kathathu#
>>>Inkcazelo yesakhiwo:
I-LEED Gold Certified Building, esona sikhuluIsakhiwo esiqinisekisiweyo se-LEEDehlabathini.Esi sakhiwo esisi-2 sesigidi seenyawo senziwe ngononophelo kwaye sinokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo emva kwentlekele. Isebenzisa i-triple friction pendulum vibration isolator ukunceda isakhiwo ukuba singawi xa kukho inyikima.
2.Utah State Capitol
Amagama angundoqo: # irabha yokwahlulahlula #
>>>Inkcazelo yesakhiwo:
I-Utah State Capitol isengozini kwiinyikima, kwaye ifake isiseko sayo sokuzihlukanisa, esagqitywa kwi-2007.
Inkqubo yokwahlula isiseko ibandakanya ukuba isakhiwo sibekwe kuthungelwano lwe-280 isolators eyenziwe ngerabha elaminethiweyo kwisiseko sokwakha. Ezi zixhobo zerabha ezikhokelayo zifakwe kwisakhiwo kunye nesiseko sayo ngoncedo lwamacwecwe ensimbi.
Kwimeko yenyikima, ezi zixhobo zodwa zithe nkqo kunokuba zithe tyaba, zivumela isakhiwo ukuba sishukume emva naphambili, ngaloo ndlela sishukumise isiseko sesakhiwo, kodwa singashukumisi isiseko sesakhiwo.
3. Iziko lezeMali laMazwe ngaMazwe laseTaipei (iSakhiwo se-101)
Amagama aphambili: # isidambisi sobunzima esilungisiweyo#
>>>Inkcazelo yesakhiwo:
Taipei 101 isakhiwo, eyaziwa ngokuba Taipei 101 kunye Taipei Finance Building, ibekwe Xinyi District, Taiwan, China City, Taiwan Province, China.
Imfumba yesiseko yesakhiwo saseTaipei 101 yenziwe ngekhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo engama-382, kwaye iperiphery yenziwe ngeentsika ezisi-8 eziqinisiweyo. Izidambisi ezininzi ezilungisiweyo zisekwe kwisakhiwo.
Xa kusenzeka inyikima, i<em>mass damper isebenza njenge-pendulum ukuya kwelinye icala lesakhiwo esijingayo, ngaloo ndlela itshabalalisa amandla kunye nemiphumo yokungcangcazela okubangelwa ziinyikima nezitshingitshane.
Ezinye izakhiwo ezidumileyo ze-aseismic
Japan Seismic Tower, China Yingxian Wooden Tower
Khalifa, Dubai, Citi Centre
4.Iziko leCitigroup
Phakathi kwazo zonke izakhiwo, "ikomkhulu leCitigroup" likhokela ekusebenziseni inkqubo yokwandisa ukuzinza kwesakhiwo - "i-tuned mass damper".
I-5.USA: Ukwakhiwa kweBhola
I-United States iye yakha uhlobo lwe-shockproof "isakhiwo sebhola", njengesakhiwo sefektri ye-elektroniki esandula kwakhiwa eSilicon Valley. Iibhola zensimbi ezingenasici zifakwe phantsi kwekholomu nganye okanye udonga lwesakhiwo, kwaye isakhiwo sonke sixhaswa ngeebhola. Imiqadi yentsimbi ye-crisscross ilungisa ngokuqinileyo isakhiwo kunye nesiseko. Xa kusenzeka inyikima, imiqadi yentsimbi enwebekayo iya kwandiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ivume, ngoko ke isakhiwo siya kutyibilika kancinci emva naphambili ebholeni, Inokunciphisa kakhulu amandla atshabalalisayo enyikima.
I-7.Japan: isakhiwo esichasene nenyikima ephezulu
Indlu eyakhiwe yiDaikyo Corp, ethi yeyona inde eJapan, isebenzisa i-168imibhobho yentsimbi, ezifanayo nezo zisetyenziswa kwiWorld Trade Center yaseNew York, ukuze kuqinisekwe amandla enyikima. Ukongeza, le ndlu iphinda isebenzise umzimba oqinileyo okwaziyo ukumelana neenyikima. Kwinyikima yobukhulu benyikima yaseHanshin, isakhiwo esiguquguqukayo sihlala sishukuma malunga nemitha eyi-1, ngelixa isakhiwo esomeleleyo sishukumisa kuphela iisentimitha ezingama-30. I-Mitsui Fudosan ithengisa indawo enemitha engama-93 ubude, nengangenwa yinyikima kwisithili saseSugimoto eTokyo. I-perimeter yesakhiwo yenziwe nge-rubber ephezulu esanda kuphuhliswa, kwaye inxalenye ephakathi yesakhiwo yenziwe ngerabha elaminethiweyo kwiinkqubo zerabha zendalo. Ngale ndlela, xa kwenzeka inyikima ye-6 ubukhulu, amandla kwisakhiwo anokunciphisa ngesiqingatha. UMitsui Fudosan wabeka izakhiwo ezingama-40 kwimarike ngo-2000.
8.Isakhiwo se-Elastic
IJapan, indawo ethandwa ziinyikima, nayo inamava akhethekileyo kulo mmandla. Bayile "isakhiwo esinwebekayo" esinentsebenzo entle yenyikima. IJapan iye yakha izakhiwo ezili-12 eziguquguqukayo eTokyo. Xa ivavanywa ngumlinganiselo we-6,6 yenyikima yaseTokyo, iye yangqineka iphumelela ekunciphiseni iintlekele zenyikima. Olu hlobo lolwakhiwo olulastiki lwakhiwe kumzimba wokuzihlukanisa, owenziwe liqela lepleyiti yerabha elaminethiweyo kunye nedamper. Isakhiwo sokwakha asidibanisi ngokuthe ngqo nomhlaba. I-damper yenziwe ngeepleyiti zentsimbi ezijikelezayo ukunciphisa ukunyuka nokuhla.
9.Indawo yokuhlala edadayo echasene nenyikima
Le "bhola yebhola" inkulu ngokwenene yindlu ebizwa ngokuba yiBarier eyenziwe yiKimidori House eJapan. Iyakwazi ukumelana neenyikima kwaye idada phezu kwamanzi. Ixabiso lale ndlu ekhethekileyo malunga ne-1390000 yen (malunga ne-100000 yuan).
10.Ngexabiso eliphantsi "izindlu ezixhathisa inyikima"
Inkampani yaseJapan iphuhlise "indlu enganyangekiyo yinyikima" ngexabiso eliphantsi, yonke into eyenziwe ngamaplanga, enendawo encinci ye-2 square metres kunye nexabiso le-2000 yeedola. Iyakwazi ukuma xa indlu enkulu idilika, kwaye inokumelana nempembelelo kunye nokukhutshwa kwesakhiwo esidilikileyo, kwaye ikhusele kakuhle ubomi kunye nepropati yabahlali endlwini.
11.Yingxian Wood Tower
Inani elikhulu lamanye amanyathelo obugcisa nawo asetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zamandulo zaseTshayina, ezisisitshixo sokuxhathisa inyikima yezakhiwo zakudala. I-mortise kunye ne-tenon joint yinto eqanjiweyo enobuchule. Ookhokho bethu baqala ukuyisebenzisa kwiminyaka eyi-7000 eyadlulayo. Olu hlobo lwendlela yokudibanisa icandelo ngaphandle kwezikhonkwane lwenza ukuba ulwakhiwo lwemveli lwamaplanga lwaseTshayina lube sisakhiwo esikhethekileyo esiguquguqukayo esidlula ukugoba, isakhelo okanye isakhelo esiqinileyo sezakhiwo zanamhlanje. Ayinakuthwala umthwalo omkhulu kuphela, kodwa ivumela iqondo elithile lokuguqulwa, kwaye ifunxe umlinganiselo othile wamandla ngokuguqulwa phantsi komthwalo wenyikima, Ukunciphisa impendulo yenyikima yezakhiwo.
Shwankathela ukhanyiselo
Nika ingqalelo kukhetho lwendawo
Izakhiwo azinakwakhiwa phezu kweempazamo ezisebenzayo, intlenga ethambileyo kunye nomhlaba owenziweyo ozaliswe ngasemva.
Iya kuyilwa ngokweemfuno ze-seismic fortification
Izakhiwo zobunjineli ezingazifezekisiyo iimfuno zokuqiniswa kweenyikima ziya konakaliswa kakhulu phantsi kwentshukumo yemithwalo yenyikima (imikhosi).
Uyilo lwenyikima kufuneka lube nengqiqo
Xa isakhiwo sicetywayo, iindonga zokwahlula ezimbalwa kakhulu ezantsi, indawo enkulu kakhulu, okanye isakhiwo sezitena esinemigangatho emininzi asiyongezi imiqadi kunye neentsika zolwakhiwo njengoko kufuneka, okanye aluyilo ngokobude obulinganiselweyo, njl. njl. bangela ukuba isakhiwo sithambe kwaye siwe kwinyikima enamandla.
Yala "iprojekthi yentsalela yebhontshisi"
Izakhiwo ziya kwakhiwa ngokwemigangatho ye-seismic fortification kwaye zakhiwe ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nemigangatho.
Ekugqibeleni umhleli wathi
Ngenkqubela phambili yamaxesha kunye nophuhliso lwempucuko, iintlekele zendalo nazo zinokukhuthaza ukutsha kobuchwepheshe bokwakha. Nangona ezinye izakhiwo zibonakala zihlekisa abantu, enyanisweni, zonke iintlobo zezakhiwo zinemiqondo yazo yoyilo eyodwa. Xa siziva ukhuseleko oluziswa zizakhiwo, kufuneka sihloniphe neembono zabayili bezakhiwo.
Iqela leYuantai Derun Steel Pipe Manufacturing Group lizimisele ukusebenza nabayili kunye neenjineli ezivela kwihlabathi liphela ukwakha iiprojekthi zokwakha ze-aseismic kwaye zizame ukuba ngumenzi ojikelezayo weimibhobho yentsimbi yesakhiwo.
E-mail: sales@ytdrgg.com
WhatsApp: 8613682051821
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-08-2023
