Izakhiwo ezimelana nokuzamazama komhlaba - ukukhanyiselwa kokuzamazama komhlaba kweTürkiye Syria
Ngokwezindaba zakamuva ezivela kwabezindaba eziningi, ukuzamazama komhlaba eTürkiye sekubulale abantu abangaphezu kuka-7700 eTurkey naseSyria. Izakhiwo eziphakeme, izibhedlela, izikole nemigwaqo ezindaweni eziningi kucekeleke phansi. Amazwe athumele usizo ngokulandelana. I-China nayo imatasa ngokuthumela amathimba osizo endaweni yesigameko.
I-Architecture ingumthwali wemvelo ohlobene eduze nempilo yomuntu. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokulimala kokuzamazama komhlaba ukucekelwa phansi, ukuwa kanye nokulimala kwezakhiwo nezakhiwo.
Izakhiwo ezilinyazwe ukuzamazama komhlaba
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kudale ukucekelwa phansi nokuwa kwezakhiwo nezinsiza ezahlukene zobunjiniyela, futhi kwadala ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ezimpilweni nasezimpahleni zezwe nakubantu ababengenakubalwa. Ukusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba kwezakhiwo kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuphepha kwezimpilo zabantu kanye nempahla.
Ukuhlukumezeka okubangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba kubi kakhulu. Kunezibonelo eziningi zomonakalo omkhulu ezakhiweni obangelwe ukuzamazama komhlaba emlandweni——
"Cishe u-100% wesakhiwo esinezitezi ezingu-9 esine-slab esiqinisiwe esakhiwe ngohlaka lukakhonkolo e-Lenin Nakan siwile."
——Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwase-Armenia ngo-1988 okwakunesilinganiso esingu-7,0
"Ukuzamazama komhlaba kubangele ukuwa kwezindlu ezingu-90000 kanye nezakhiwo zezentengiselwano ezingu-4000, kwathi izindlu ezingu-69000 zacekelwa phansi ngamazinga ahlukene"
——1990 ukuzamazama komhlaba kwase-Iran okunobukhulu obungu-7.7
“Zingaphezu kuka-20 000 izakhiwo ezicekeleke phansi kuyo yonke le ndawo, okuhlanganisa izibhedlela, izikole namahhovisi”
——1992 ukuzamazama komhlaba eTürkiye M6.8
"Kulokhu kuzamazama komhlaba, kulimale izakhiwo ezingu-18000 kwathi izindlu ezingu-12000 zacekelwa phansi zaphela."
——1995 ukuzamazama komhlaba e-Kobe okunobukhulu obungu-7.2 eHyogo, eJapane
"Esifundeni saseLavalakot eKashmir elawulwa yiPakistan, izindlu eziningi ze-adobe ziwile ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba, futhi amadolobhana amaningana acabana ngokuphelele."
——Ukuzamazama komhlaba ePakistan okwakunobukhulu obungu-7.8 ngo-2005
Yiziphi izakhiwo ezidumile ezimelana nokuzamazama komhlaba emhlabeni?Ingabe izakhiwo zethu ezimelana nokuzamazama zingasakazwa kabanzi esikhathini esizayo?
1. I-Istanbul Ataturk Airport
Amagama angukhiye: # Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-pendulum yokushayisana kathathu#
>>>Incazelo yesakhiwo:
I-LEED Gold Certified Building, enkulu kunazo zonkeIsakhiwo esiqinisekisiwe se-LEEDemhlabeni.Lesi sakhiwo esingamamitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-2 sakhiwe ngokucophelela futhi singasetshenziswa ngokugcwele ngemva kwenhlekelele. Isebenzisa i-triple friction pendulum vibration isolator ukusiza isakhiwo singawi esimweni sokuzamazama komhlaba.
2.I-Utah State Capitol
Amagama angukhiye: # i-rubber isolation bearing#
>>>Incazelo yesakhiwo:
I-Utah State Capitol isengozini yokuzamazama komhlaba, futhi yafaka isistimu yayo yokuhlukanisa isisekelo, eyaqedwa ngo-2007.
Uhlelo lokuhlukanisa isisekelo lubandakanya ukuthi isakhiwo sibekwe kunethiwekhi ye-280 isolator eyenziwe ngenjoloba elaminate phezu kwesisekelo sokwakha. Lezi zinsimbi zenjoloba eziholayo zixhunywe esakhiweni nesisekelo saso ngosizo lwamapuleti ensimbi.
Uma kwenzeka kuba nokuzamazama komhlaba, lawa ma-isolator bears aqondile kunokuba avundlile, okuvumela isakhiwo ukuba sinyakaze siye emuva naphambili kancane, ngaleyo ndlela sinyakazise isisekelo sesakhiwo, kodwa singanyakazi isisekelo sesakhiwo.
3. Isikhungo Sezimali Samazwe Ngamazwe sase-Taipei (101 Building)
Amagama angukhiye: # tuned mass damper#
>>>Incazelo yesakhiwo:
I-Taipei 101 Building, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Taipei 101 kanye ne-Taipei Finance Building, itholakala esifundeni sase-Xinyi, e-Taiwan, e-China City, esifundazweni sase-Taiwan, e-China.
Inqwaba yesisekelo sebhilidi i-Taipei 101 yakhiwe ngokhonkolo oqinisiwe ongu-382, kanti umngcele wakhiwe ngamakholomu aqinisiwe angu-8. Ama-dampers amakhulu ashuniwe asethwe esakhiweni.
Lapho kuba nokuzamazama komhlaba, i-mass damper isebenza njenge-pendulum ukuze ihambe ibheke kolunye uhlangothi lwesakhiwo esishwibayo, ngaleyo ndlela ihlakaze imiphumela yamandla nokundindizela okubangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba nezishingishane.
Ezinye izakhiwo ezidumile ze-aseismic
Japan Seismic Tower, China Yingxian Wooden Tower
Khalifa, Dubai, Citi Center
4.Citigroup Centre
Phakathi kwazo zonke izakhiwo, "i-Citigroup Headquarters" ihola ekusebenziseni uhlelo ukuze kwandiswe ukuzinza kwesakhiwo - "i-tuned mass damper".
5.USA: Ukwakhiwa Kwebhola
I-United States yakhe uhlobo "lwebhilidi lebhola" elingamangali, njengebhilidi lefekthri esanda kwakhiwa eSilicon Valley. Amabhola ensimbi angagqwali afakwe ngaphansi kwekholomu ngayinye noma udonga lwesakhiwo, futhi isakhiwo sonke sisekelwa amabhola. Imishayo yensimbi ye-crisscross ilungisa ngokuqinile isakhiwo nesisekelo. Lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka, imishayo yensimbi enwebekayo izokhula ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ifinyezeke, ngakho isakhiwo sizoshelela kancane siye emuva naphambili ebholeni, Kunganciphisa kakhulu amandla abhubhisayo okuzamazama komhlaba.
I-7.I-Japan: ibhilidi eliphezulu lokulwa nokuzamazama komhlaba
Ifulethi elakhiwe i-Daikyo Corp, elithi yilona elide kunawo wonke e-Japan, lisebenzisa i-168amapayipi ensimbi, njengalezo ezisetshenziswa e-World Trade Center yaseNew York, ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla okuzamazama komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli fulethi liphinde lisebenzisa isakhiwo esiqinile esimelana nokuzamazama komhlaba. Ekuzamazameni komhlaba kobukhulu bokuzamazama komhlaba kwe-Hanshin, isakhiwo esivumelana nezimo ngokuvamile sinyakaza cishe imitha elingu-1, kuyilapho isakhiwo esiqinile sinyakaza amasentimitha angu-30 kuphela. I-Mitsui Fudosan ithengisa indawo engamamitha angu-93 ubude, nengangenwa ukuzamazama komhlaba esifundeni saseSugimoto e-Tokyo. I-perimeter yesakhiwo yenziwe ngenjoloba esanda kuthuthukiswa enamandla angu-16-layer, futhi ingxenye ephakathi yesakhiwo yenziwe ngenjoloba elaminethiwe kusuka ezinhlelweni zenjoloba zemvelo. Ngale ndlela, uma kwenzeka kuba nokuzamazama komhlaba okuyi-6 magnitude, amandla esakhiweni angancishiswa ngesigamu. I-Mitsui Fudosan yafaka izakhiwo ezinjalo ezingama-40 emakethe ngo-2000.
8.Isakhiwo se-Elastic
IJapane, indawo ethandwa ukuzamazama komhlaba, nayo inokuhlangenwe nakho okukhethekile kule ndawo. Baklame "isakhiwo esinwebekayo" esisebenza kahle ngokuzamazama komhlaba. I-Japan yakhe izakhiwo ezingu-12 eziguquguqukayo eTokyo. Njengoba ihlolwe ukuzamazama komhlaba okuyisilinganiso esingu-6,6 eTokyo, iye yabonakala iphumelela ekunciphiseni izinhlekelele zokuzamazama komhlaba. Lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo esinwebekayo lwakhiwe phezu komzimba wokuzihlukanisa, owakhiwa iqembu lepuleti lensimbi eliqinile lerabha eliqinile kanye ne-damper. Isakhiwo sesakhiwo asixhumani ngokuqondile nomhlabathi. I-damper yakhiwe ngamapuleti ensimbi e-spiral ukunciphisa ukuphakama nokwehla.
9.Indawo yokuhlala entantayo elwa nokuzamazama komhlaba
Leli "bhola" elikhulu empeleni liyindlu ebizwa ngokuthi i-Barier eyenziwe yiKimidori House eJapane. Iyakwazi ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba futhi intante emanzini. Intengo yale ndlu ekhethekile imayelana ne-1390000 yen (cishe i-yuan eyi-100000).
10.Eshibhile "izindlu ezikwazi ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba"
Inkampani yaseJapane isungule "indlu ekwazi ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba" eshibhile, yonke eyenziwe ngokhuni, enendawo encane yamamitha-skwele angu-2 kanye nezindleko zamadola angu-2000. Ingakwazi ukusukuma lapho indlu enkulu iwa, futhi ingamelana nomthelela kanye nokukhishwa kwesakhiwo esibhidlikile, futhi ivikele kahle izimpilo nempahla yabahlali endlini.
11.Yingxian Wood Tower
Inombolo enkulu yezinye izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe nazo zisetshenziswa ezakhiweni zendabuko zaseShayina zasendulo, eziyisihluthulelo sokumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba kwezakhiwo zasendulo. Inhlanganisela ye-mortise ne-tenon isungulwe ngobuhlakani kakhulu. Okhokho bethu baqala ukuyisebenzisa kusukela eminyakeni engu-7000 edlule. Lolu hlobo lwendlela yokuxhumana yengxenye ngaphandle kwezinzipho lwenza isakhiwo sokhuni sendabuko saseShayina sibe isakhiwo esikhethekile esiguquguqukayo esidlula uhlaka olugobile, uhlaka noma oluqinile lwezakhiwo zesimanje. Ayikwazi ukuthwala umthwalo omkhulu kuphela, kodwa futhi ivumele izinga elithile lokuguqulwa, futhi imunce inani elithile lamandla ngokuguqulwa ngaphansi komthwalo wokuzamazama komhlaba, Yehlisa ukusabela kokuzamazama komhlaba kwezakhiwo.
Fingqa ukukhanyiselwa
Naka ukukhetha kwendawo
Izakhiwo azikwazi ukwakhiwa phezu kwamaphutha asebenzayo, ama-sediments athambile kanye nomhlabathi ogcwaliswe ngemuva.
Izoklanywa ngokuya ngezidingo zokuqinisa i-seismic
Izakhiwo zobunjiniyela ezingahlangabezani nezidingo zokuqiniswa kwe-seismic zizolimala kakhulu ngaphansi kwesenzo semithwalo ye-seismic (amandla).
Idizayini yokuzamazama komhlaba kufanele ibe nengqondo
Uma isakhiwo siklanywa, izindonga zokuhlukanisa ezimbalwa kakhulu ezansi, isikhala esikhulu kakhulu, noma isakhiwo sezitini esinezitezi eziningi asingezi izingodo namakholomu esakhiwo njengoba kudingekile, noma singaklami ngokuya ngobude obulinganiselwe, njll., bangela ukuba isakhiwo sitsheke futhi siwe ngokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla.
Yenqaba "iphrojekthi yensalela ye-bean curd"
Izakhiwo zizokwakhiwa ngokuhambisana namazinga okuqinisa i-seismic futhi zakhiwe ngokuhambisana namazinga.
Ekugcineni umhleli wathi
Ngokuqhubeka kwezikhathi nokuthuthukiswa kwempucuko, izinhlekelele zemvelo nazo zingakhuthaza ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe bokwakha. Nakuba ezinye izakhiwo zibonakala zihlekisa abantu, empeleni, zonke izinhlobo zezakhiwo zinemiqondo yazo eyingqayizivele yokuklama. Uma sizwa ukuphepha okulethwa izakhiwo, kufanele futhi sihloniphe imibono yabaklami bezakhiwo.
I-Yuantai Derun Steel Pipe Manufacturing Group izimisele ukusebenzisana nabaklami nonjiniyela abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba ukuze kwakhiwe amaphrojekthi wokwakha angenasisekelo futhi balwele ukuba ngumkhiqizi oyindilinga weamapayipi ensimbi yesakhiwo.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-08-2023
